Menopause is the permanent cessation of a woman’s menstrual cycle. The average age at the onset of menopause is approximately 51 years. Considering that the average life expectancy of women in the United States is 81 years, women may be postmenopausal for more than one-third of their lives. Hot flushes and night sweats are the most common menopausal symptoms, and there is evidence these symptoms may last for 4 to 10 years, peaking in the year around the final menstrual period and with an average duration of 7 years in some studies. Around 25% of women experience problematic vasomotor symptoms […]
An estimated 6000 US women reach menopause every day; by 2020, the number of US women older than 51 is expected to exceed 50 million.
The natural process of menopause results from the progressive loss of ovarian follicle function. Natural menopause, defined as 1 year after cessation of menstruation, occurs on average at age 51, with most women falling between age 45 to 55. Certain factors are associated with an earlier age of menopause, including smoking, high-fiber or vegetarian diet, low body mass index, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and nulligravida. Menopause also may be induced from surgery or medications, such […]
Vaginal rejuvenation encompasses a group of procedures that alter the vaginal anatomy to improve cosmesis or achieve more pleasurable sexual intercourse.
External vaginal procedures are defined as those performed on the female genitalia outside of the vaginal opening with major structures, including the labia majora, mons pubis, labia minora, clitoral hood, clitoral glans, and vaginal vestibule.
Internal vaginal procedures are defined as those performed within the vagina, extending from the vaginal opening to the cervix. The prevalence of elective vaginal rejuvenation procedures has increased in recent years, a trend that may be attributed to greater exposure through the media, including […]
